BEACHING A GALLEY AND DISEMBARKING ITS CREW
This Greek naval crew re-enacting the rowing practice aboard of the Olympias, a replica of a 5th century trireme, reminds us of the fact that there was no room to sleep, dress, eat, walk, pee and shit on board of such ships.
For that reason a 200 man crew had to go ashore twice a day, for lunchbreak and for camping at night and having dinner, since 200 men sitting on the topdeck would make such light vessel turn over and sink.
Here some moving action images:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7da52cJLwW8Now I try to imagine, with a fleet of lets say 100 galleys, what it looks like when 20.000 men go ashore at once. I made a rude photocollage sketch of that:
These are in fact Hindu's celebrating at the beach but I imagine the same sea of (naked) people streaming out of those galleys and building camps and 1000 fires.
In case of only rock coast available galleys were anchored. In case of sandbeach, which is preferrable for camping, the ships were beached. For this purpose all galleys had embarking ladders on board. They were often hung at the stern so they would not occupy any already scarce space on board.
The Olympias carries two single ladders.
But vase art often shows double ladders to enable two sailors at a time to board or disembark. Not to confuse the ladders at the stern with the railings on the deck.
So I build two double ladders using wood and a micro drill:
On board of one of my seven galley's it could be attached diagonal like this:
Or more horizontal:
It is difficult to find pictures of properly beached galley's. It was common to beach a galley with the stern since the prow had a ram that would drill itself into the sand or rock making it almost unable to unbeach again. Hollywood (Troy) and computergames usually but falsly show galleys beached with the prow.
It is as difficult to find descriptions of how such beaching and disembarking took place.
It is the great illustrator Peter Dennis again who has been painting accurate images of that: here a Phoenician trireme at a beach during the battle of Salamis.
On another picture he shows how beaching was common practice even in a harbour situation.
Also this modern classic painting from National Geographic shows Alexander the Greats landing in Asia Minor correctly with the galley's backwards using double ladders.
Since I can find no information on this, I try to imagine myself how it works:
1) The deck crew of about ten sailors remove the sail (if used at all)
2) The galley is rowed backwards towards the beach until its stopped by the sandy bottom of shallow waters.
3) Halve of the 170 rowers, those FROM THE BACK of the galley, jump into the water. The other halve stays aboard.
4) And so the stern raises and the prow is going down. This enables the men in the water to pull the galley up to the beach.
5) Once beached, the other halve of the rowers, the deck crew and marines disembark by jumping or climbing down the ladders, taking water, food and camping gear with them.
Behind this bronze age warrior some sailors pull a galley ashore using ropes attached to the stern. I am afraid they will pull the back side of the ship apart this way.
It would be safer to fasten the ropes to the ram which is the strongest part of the hull and pull it backwards like depicted in this drawing of an ancient galley shed:
Once the galley is beached the remaining man on board can jump off in sea or sand. Or use the ladders which are most essential for embarking. The only proper ancient depiction of using such ladder is this one showing a hoplite entering a galley at the stern.
Note how the ladder is not positioned at the topdeck but at the middle deck were the rowers are seated at three levels.
So there are two possiblilities for positioning the ladders: the topdeck or the middle deck.
Since the bulk of the crew is at and below the middle deck, positioning the ladders here makes most sense.
I made a three dimensional sketch to see how that would look like:
From the topdeck, the crew had to take a much longer way: first climb up the topdeck, then climb down a longer way down again.
The only disadvantage for climbing down from the middle deck is the lack of space to reach the ladders, climbing through narrow openings in the construction.